What is the Five Safes framework for data governance?

The Five Safes framework provides a structured governance model for data access: Safe people (researchers are appropriately trained and vetted), Safe projects (research has legitimate purpose and ethical approval), Safe settings (data is accessed in secure environments), Safe data (data has been appropriately de-identified), and Safe outputs (results are checked before release to prevent re-identification). It is adopted by ONS, NHS England, and UK devolved administrations.