What data challenges does genomic medicine present for health IT systems?

A single whole-genome sequence generates 100–200 GB of raw data per patient, with derived variant files remaining clinically relevant for decades. Systems must handle diverse data types (FASTQ, BAM/CRAM, VCF, RNA-seq, epigenomic data, polygenic risk scores) using tiered storage architectures. Conventional EHR storage is neither scaled nor structured for multi-omic datasets — purpose-built infrastructure is required with UK-sovereign data residency for NHS data.